Post Julius Caesar
Aftermath to the Murder
- Caesar's adopted son (Octavian) takes over at 18
- Mark Antony-experienced general
- Lepidus-powerful politician
- Lepidus forced to retire
- Octavian and Mark Antony are rivals
- Mark Antony partners up with Cleopatra
- Militarily
- personally
- politically
- economically
- Octavian defeats them at Battle of Actium
- Octavian is unchallenged ruler of Rome
- Given honorific "Augustus" (exalted one)
- Given title "Imperator" (Supreme military commander)
- Rome is empire
- began stable era of peace and prosperity (Pax Romana) (207 years)
- expanded Roman Empire into Africa
- Set up civil service to run gov.
- built roads
- collect taxes
- postal service
- administer grain supply
- built awesome public faciliries
- buildings/aquducts
- poliv department
- fire fighting organization
- DIED of natural causes
New Emperors
Tiberius
- good genereal
- reluctant emperor
- exiled himself and left prefects in charge after son's death
Caligula
- Ruled only 4 years
- power struggle after Tiberius death
- known for cruelty, extravagance and perversity
- Assassinated by group of praetorian guard, senators, and imperial court trying to re-establish Republic
Claudius
- cerebral palsey
- took over as last adult male in family
- ruled well
- built roads
- aquducts
- canals
- started conquest of Britain
- He was poisoned by wife
Nero
- emphasized arts
- HUGE fire
- wanted to rebuild Rome majestic
- HUGELY overspent and raided temples for money
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